|
The history of the post-1913 dioceses of the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Church, the successors to the historical Church of the East, is characterised by the decline of the traditional dioceses in Mesopotamia and the creation of new dioceses for the Assyrian and Chaldean diasporas. == Post-1913 dioceses of the Assyrian Church of the East == After the death of the ''mutran'' Isaac Hnanisho in 1919 and the patriarch Shemon XX Paul in 1920, the hierarchy of the Assyrian Church of the East consisted of five bishops: the ''mutran'' Joseph Hnanisho; Abimalek Timothy, metropolitan of India; Zaya Sargis, metropolitan of Jilu, Raikan and Baz; Yalda Yahballaha, bishop of Berwari; and Eliya Abuna, formerly bishop of Alqosh and then Taimar. This hierarchy persisted until the end of the Second World War. Mar Abimalek Timothy died in 1945, and was succeeded as metropolitan of India by Thomas Darmo. Mar Yalda Yahballaha died in 1950, and was succeeded as bishop of Berwari in 1957 by his nephew Andrew Yahballaha, who died in 1973 and was not replaced. Mar Zaya Sargis died in 1951, and was succeeded as bishop of Jilu by Mar Isho Sargis, who died in 1966. Mar Eliya Abuna joined the Chaldean church in 1921, and died in 1956. Mar Joseph Hnanisho died in 1977, and the office of ''mutran'' lapsed on his death. Two other bishops were consecrated during the 1950s and early 1960s, Mar Philip Yohannan in 1953 for Rawanduz and Mar Hnanya Dinkha, the present patriarch, in 1962 for Teheran. The present Assyrian ecclesiastical hierarchy reflects the changing distribution of Nestorian Christians as a result of emigration after the First World War. The Assyrian community, which numbered in total about 500,000 in 1980, still has many members living in Iraq and Iran, but their greatest concentration is in the United States, especially in Chicago, where Dinkha IV now resides. This latter group is mainly composed of immigrants who left Iraq after 1933, and their descendants. There are also significant Assyrian groups in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden. Small Assyrian communities also exist in parts of the former Soviet Union, descendants of the Assyrians who migrated to Georgia in the second half of the eighteenth century, and of those Urmi Nestorians who migrated to Yerevan in the 1820s. There is also a substantial Assyrian diaspora in the Middle East outside Iraq and Iran, principally in Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey. Since the schism of 1969 the Assyrian Church of the East has been divided into two groups (Assyrian Church of the East and Ancient Church of the East). In 1990 Mar Dinkha's hierarchy (i.e. Assyrian Church of the East, including Chaldean Syrian Church) consisted of the following bishops: *Mar Joseph Sargis, bishop of Jilu, Raikan and Baz (consecrated on 2 March 1968); *Mar Timothy, Metropolitan of Trichur (consecrated on 10 October 1970); *Mar Narsaï Eliya d'Baz, metropolitan of Lebanon and Europe (consecrated in 1971); *Mar Ephrem Hormizd Khamis, bishop of the Eastern United States (consecrated in 1972); *Mar Giwargis Sliba, Metropolitan of Iraq (consecrated on 14 June 1981); *Mar Bawaï Ashur Soro, Bishop of the Western United States (consecrated on 14 October 1984); and *, bishop of Australia (consecrated on 14 October 1984).〔Mar Aprem, ''The Assyrians in Iraq'', 106〕 *Mar Emmanuel Rihana, bishop of the Canada (consecrated in 3 June 1990) Besides the bishops mentioned in this list, Fiey also mentions Mar Yohannan Abraham, bishop of Khabur, Gazarta and Syria since 1968, who resides in Hassakeh and looks after the Syrian communities of the Khabur valley. Dinkha IV has also recently consecrated a bishop of Europe, Mar Odisho Abraham. Two other bishops, Nicholas Baso and Claudio Vettorazo, residing in Sicily and in Aquileia in northern Italy respectively, have also been connected with Mar Dinkha's group in the past, though their present status is uncertain. A bishop named Yaqob Barclay has also been recognised recently by Dinkha IV as bishop of Jerusalem. In 1999 Mar Aprim Nathaniel was consecrated bishop for the vacant Diocese of Syria. In the same year, the Dohuk and Arbil governorates were detached from the Archdiocese of Iraq under Mar Gewargis Sliwa and a new bishop was consecrated, Mar Isaac Yousif with residence in Dohuk. Further more, both the Iraqi bishops were made responsible for the pastoral care of Assyrians in Russia, Armenia, Georgia and the Ukraine. Mar Yosip Sargis has been based in Modesto California since 2002 and has since retired. Mar Bawai Soro of Western California was suspended in 2005, and he was replaced by a new bishop for California, Mar Awa Royel in 2008. Mar Narsai DeBaz of Lebanon died in 2010 and since then the diocese has been under the pastoral care of Mar Meelis Zaia. The Indian Archdiocese also saw the consecration of two new bishops in 2010, Mar Yohannan Joseph and Mar Awgin Kuriakose. In the same year a new bishop was consecrated for Iran, Mar Narsai Benjamin. Mar Paulus Benjamin was consecrated as bishop of Eastern United States in 2012. The Ancient Church of the East appeared as a result of a schism in the Church under Mar Shimun. The then suspended metropolitan of India Mar Thoma Darmo was invited to Baghdad in 1968 by Col. Yosip Khoshaba. Together they created the Ancient Church of the East. Shlemun Giwargis was consecrated Mar Addai as Metropolitan of Baghdad, George Mooken was consecrated Mar Aprem as Metropolitan of India and Mar Poulose Bishop of India. In December 1969, Mar Addai ordained Mar Narsai Toma as Metropolitan of Kirkuk and Mar Toma Giwargis as Metropolitan of Mosul. Mar Daniel Yakob, who had been consecrated bishop in the new calendar branch by Mar Yosip Khnanisho in 1973, had left his diocese in Kirkuk during the early 1980s and he was accepted into the church and appointed bishop for USA and Canada. Mar Yakob Daniel was consecrated bishop for Syria, and elevated as Metropolitan in December 1995. He was transferred to Australia and New Zealand in July 2005. Mar Emmanuel Elia was consecrated patriarchal auxiliary in 1993 and he transferred to USA in 1994 until his resignation in 2011. Mar Timotheus Shallita from the family of Mar Yawallaha of Barwar who had been consecrated by the Syrian Orthodox Church in 1958, was accepted a metropolitan in 1995 and appointed to Europe. Mar Shallita Shallita and Mar Toma Giwargis later retired in 2012. In April 2009 two bishops were consecrated namely Mar Zaia Khoshaba for Baghdad and Mar Aprem David for Dohuk, the latter who resigned in 2011. In August 2011 Mar Mari Emmanuel was consecrated bishop for Sydney. Mar Gewargis Younan was consecrated bishop for Chicago in June of 2014, and shortly afterwards, Mar Zaia was elevated as Metropolitan for North America. Mar Narsai Toma died in 2014 as Metropolitan of Kirkuk. In 1990 Mar Addaï's hierarchy (i.e. Ancient Church of the East) consisted of the following bishops: *Mar Aprem Mooken, metropolitan of Trichur, India (consecrated on 22 September 1968); *Mar Narsaï Thomas, metropolitan of Kirkuk (consecrated in December 1969); *Mar Thomas Giwargis Soro, metropolitan of Mosul (consecrated in December 1969, appointed in 1972); *Mar Paul, bishop of Trichur (consecrated on 13 September 1968); and *Mar Daniel Yaqob, bishop of the United States (consecrated in 1973).〔Mar Aprem, ''The Assyrians in Iraq'', 105〕 As of 2014 Mar Addai's hierarchy (i.e. Ancient Church of the East) consists of the following bishops: *Mar Yacoub Daniel, metropolitan of Australia and New Zealand * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Post-1913 Dioceses of the Church of the East」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|